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Purpose: Like every other sector, educational institutions have also been suffering immensely due to COVID-19 pandemic. Many educational institutions are now adopting digital classroom services. However, an online platform with the need for appropriate technology and infrastructure from the students' perspective poses a severe challenge to developing countries like Bangladesh. The paper aims to figure out the relevant factors that affect the extent of student satisfaction with digital classroom services at the school and tertiary levels. Design/methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study of 450 students from Bangladesh who encountered online classes during the pandemic of COVID-19. An equal number of students from all levels, including schools, colleges and tertiary stages, participated in the survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to interpret the data. Structural equation modeling using AMOS graphic software is incorporated to test the study's hypothesis. Findings: Among all the four determinants of student satisfaction during this critical era, all levels look satisfied with the three underlying influences: technological, convenience and resource-related factors. However, school-level students found the digital classroom services abrasive with Internet connectivity and technical structures during online classes and exams. Research limitations/implications: A comprehensive study can assess the difference between private and public university students in this regard. In addition, the impact of gender and/or location (rural/urban area) can be assessed by using the same model of the study. Practical implications: Having the experience of the students' satisfaction level during this pandemic, the government, educational institutions and other stakeholders can take away the findings of the results to have a better plan for Internet-based education at every level. Originality/value: The study is unique to see the readiness of developing nations such as Bangladesh to focus on the sudden uncertainty like a pandemic in introducing the digital education platform. The study can add value to achieving the country's sustainable development goal of becoming a digitally enabled regional education hub. © 2023, Md Abdul Momen, Seyama Sultana, Md. Anamul Hoque, Shamsul Huq Bin Shahriar and Abu Sadat Muhammad Ashif.
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Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had serious impact on people's mental health in the 21st century. Mental disorders have influenced economically on the society and have a dramatic effect on families too. This study aims to assess the effects of COVID-19 on psychological outcomes of pandemic and its associated risk factors on the general population of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing the questionnaires electronically in Saudi Arabia from 1st March 20 21 to 130thApril, 20 2 2. PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PSQ-130 were used to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among population. A total of 1513 2 participants completed the study. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 25.1%, 4 2 .5%, and 68.48%, respectively. Significant predictors were Saudi nationals, young and single participants, less earning and respondents with no children. The mean depression score was significantly higher in participants that had not been infected with COVID-19 and anyone who is not living with an infected person had scored significantly. Conclusion: In this study, we disclosed a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. In conclusion, COVID-19 is an epidemiological crisis that is casting a shadow on vulnerable population. Appropriate knowledge and specialized interventions must be accessible to promote the psychological health of the Saudi population.
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In the very recent past, Infectious disease-related sickness has long posed a concern on a global scale. Each year, COVID-19, pneumonia, and tuberculosis cause a large number of deaths because they all affect the lungs. Early detection and diagnosis can increase the likelihood of receiving quality treatment in all circumstances. A low-cost, simple imaging approach called chest X-ray imaging enables to detection and screen lung abnormalities brought on by infectious diseases for example Covid-19, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. This paper provided a thorough analysis of current deep-learning methods for diagnosing Covid-19, pneumonia, and TB. According to the research papers reviewed, Deep Convolutional Neural Network is the most used deep learning method for identifying Covid-19, pneumonia, and TB from chest X-ray (CXR) images. We compared the proposed DNN to well-known DNNs like Efficient-NetB0, DenseNet169, and DenseNet201 in order to more accurately assess how well it performed. Our findings are equivalent to the state-of-the-art, and since the proposed CNN is lightweight, it may be employed for widespread screening in areas with limited resources. From three diverse publicly accessible datasets merged into one dataset, the suggested DNN generated the following precisions for that dataset: 99.15%, 98.89%, and 97.79% for EfficientNetB0, DenseNet169, and DenseNet201 respectively. The proposed network can help radiologists make quick and accurate diagnoses because it is effective at identifying COVID-19 and other lung contagious disorders utilizing chest X-ray images. This paper also gives young scientists a good insight into how to create CNN models that are highly efficient when used with medical images to identify diseases early. © 2023 IEEE.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the enveloped RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) primarily infects human lungs and then gut where active viral replication has been reported. The human gut also harbors different communities of commensal viruses (collectively known as the gut-virome (GV)) that play significant role in regulating host immunity. A gut-dysbiosis signature is observed with increased opportunistic pathogens and massive viral shifts in COVID-19 patients. The intensive two-way dialogues between lungs and gut involving the biome and immune cells of the both compartments are majorly responsible for massive systemic inflammation and immunity breakdown during a lung infection. Thence, during SARS-CoV-2 disease, the host GV might respond to the viral infection and subsequently influence disease progression as well as treatment outcome with additional manifestations. This chapter aims to explain the role of GV in altered homeostasis associated with disease severity and recovery processes based on existing records. Since evidence on direct linkage between human GV and SARS-CoV-2 infection is yet to be explored, understanding intestinal virome perturbation that underlies worse COVID-19 outcomes and severity is an unmet necessity. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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When COVID-19 vaccines got authorization for emergency administration in order to attain immunity of the population against the pandemic in India, the Government rushed the people to get vaccinated. But two years into being vaccinated with the primary doses, the efficacy of the doses decreased and infection with COVID increased. The Government of India introduced the precaution dose on 10th January, 2022, but not much vaccination turn out is observed in case of precaution dose. India is facing what is known as vaccination fatigue which is causing vaccination hesitancy. This study identified the causes of vaccination fatigue among the adult population in the state of Assam, the primary cause being pandemic fatigue. With the increase in COVID cases worldwide, The Government should implement necessary steps to conquer the vaccination fatigue and decrease the vaccination hesitancy in the state. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a tremendous effect worldwide, and as a front liner, health professionals are significantly exposed to the disease. This study focused on exploring the seroprevalence of the antibody of the health professional who never had a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and never found positive through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or Rapid Antigen Test and the relation of vitamin D with SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two randomly selected medical college hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data have been acquired from purposively selected 251 respondents. An interviewer administrated questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristic and determine the IgG antibody, a laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays test was conducted, and for vitamin D, the ARCHITECT 25-OH Vitamin D assay is a quantitative method applied. Antibody index was interpreted 0.9 as no detectable IgG antibody for SARS-CoV-2 and for vitamin D, deficient was 20.0 ng/ml, insufficient 20-29 ng/ml, and normal was 30-100 ng/ml. The result showed that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among the health professional was 17.1%. The multivariate analysis showed a significant association with the medicine and allied department (odds ratio 0.287, 95% confidence interval 0.092-0.897;P0.001) with the SARS-CoV-2 antibody. However, no association was found with vitamin D. Copyright © 2022 The Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis.
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In the age of modern technology peoples are still facing a great challenges to manage and monitor the infected patients of COVID-19. Many systems have been implemented to track the location of infected person to reduce the spread of diseases. In today's world IoT with the health care system plays an important role specially in this COVID situation. In this research an IoT based monitoring system is designed to monitor and measure different signs of COVID-19 using wearable device. It also sends notification to the proper authority by monitoring the activity of infected patient. To determine the condition of patient, sensor data are analyzed which is passed from edge node, as body sensor are connected to IoT cloud via edge node. Three layered architecture is implemented in our proposed design, wearable sensor layer, Peripheral Interface (API) layer and Android web layer. Different layer have different work, at first health symptom is determined by analyzing data from IoT sensor layer. In next layer information is stored in the cloud database to take immediate actions. Finally android application layer is used to send notifications and alerts for the infected patient. To predict the health condition and alarming the situation both API and mobile application communicate with each other. The designed system has simple structure and helps the authority to find the infected person. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Background: In 2011, Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin described a distinct clinical entity called the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). Adjuvants are primarily used in vaccines for directing the adaptive immune response. However, adjuvants sometimes trigger undesirable autoimmune effects, especially in genetically predisposed individuals such as those with DRB1 allele mutations. The mRNA vaccine may exert "self-adjuvant" properties through activation of tumor necrosis factor, interferon-alpha and other cytokines secreted by immune cells or cross reactivity of mRNA targeting CoV-2 spike protein with thyroid tissue antigens. With the recent widespread use of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, cases of vaccine associated thyroid disorders are becoming more apparent. Case Summary: A 45-year-old male with well controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus was evaluated for abnormal thyroid function tests with a TSH of 0.078 uIU/mL and Free T4 of 2.17 ng/dl. He reported a history of Hashimoto's chronic thyroiditis. He received the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine one month prior to presentation. He denied any change in the size of his thyroid gland. He also reported no local neck symptoms, dysphagia, odynophagia or change in voice. A nuclear thyroid uptake and scan showed mildly asymmetric thyroid lobes with markedly decreased 24-hour uptake of 0.7%. Based on his clinical presentation, labs and nuclear imaging he was diagnosed with painless thyroiditis. His thyroid function normalized to a TSH of 0.96uIU/ml and Free T4 of 1.29 ng/dl within 2 months without any intervention. There is a strong possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine accentuated his underlying Hashimoto's chronic thyroiditis enough to cause this transient episode of painless thyroiditis, particularly considering the close interval between the vaccine and onset of his thyroid abnormalities. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid abnormalities induced by vaccines have been historically associated with protein vaccines for protection from HPV, HBV, seasonal influenza, etc. The spectrum of these disorders can potentially manifest as a transient side effect or even years later with non-specific findings. The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine may incite similar immunogenicity though yet unestablished, and physicians should be mindful of this phenomenon. Due to limited data, more rigorous studies are needed to fully understand the underlying pathogenesis of thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in future. As there have been minimal cases of thyroiditis reported, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should still be strongly recommended. References: Bragazzi NL, Hejly A, Watad A, Adawi M, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. ASIA syndrome and endocrine autoimmune disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jan;34(1): 101412. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101412. Epub 2020 Mar 11. PMID: 32265102.Watad A, David P, Brown S, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants and Thyroid Autoimmunity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Jan 24;7: 150. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00150. PMID: 28167927;PMCID: PMC5256113.Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m., Monday, June 13, 2022 1:12 p.m. - 1:17 p.m.
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Stringent lockdowns have been one of the defining features of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns have brought about drastic changes in living styles, including increased residential occupancy and telework practices predicted to last long. The variation in occupancy pattern and energy use needs to be assessed at the household level. Consequently, the new occupancy times will impact the performance of energy efficiency measures. To address these gaps, this work uses a real case study, a two-story residential building in the Okanagan Valley (British Columbia, Canada). Further, steady-state building energy simulations are performed on the HOT2000 tool to evaluate the resiliency of energy efficiency measures under a full lockdown. Three-year monitored energy data is analyzed to study the implications of COVID-19 lockdowns on HVAC and non-HVAC loads at a monthly temporal scale. The results show a marked change in energy use patterns and a higher increase in May 2020 compared to the previous two years. Calibrated energy models built on HOT2000 are then used to study the impacts of pre-COVID-19 (old normal occupancy) and post-COVID-19 (new normal occupancy) on energy upgrades performance. The simulations show that under higher occupancy times, the annual electricity use increased by 16.4%, while natural gas use decreased by 7.6%. The results indicate that overall residential buildings following pre-COVID-19 occupancy schedules had higher energy-saving potential than those with new normal occupancy. In addition, the variation in occupancy and stakeholder preferences directly impact the ranking of energy efficiency measures. Furthermore, this study identifies energy efficiency measures that provide flexibility for the decision-makers by identifying low-cost options feasible under a range of occupancy schedules.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented health care challenges mandating surgical service reconfiguration. Within our hospital, emergency and elective streams were separated and self-contained Protected Elective Surgical Units were developed to mitigate against infection-related morbidity. Aims of this study were to determine the risk of COVID-19 transmission and mortality and whether the development of Protected Elective Surgical Units can result in significant reduction in risk. Methods: A retrospective observational study of consecutive patients from 18 specialties undergoing elective or emergency surgery under general, spinal, or epidural anaesthetic over a 12-month study period was undertaken. Primary outcome measures were 30-day postoperative COVID-19 transmission rate and mortality. Secondary adjusted analyses were performed to ascertain hospital and Protected Elective Surgical Unit transmission rates. Results: Between 15 March 2020 and 14 March 2021, 9,925 patients underwent surgery: 6,464 (65.1%) elective, 5,116 (51.5%) female, and median age 57 (39-70). A total of 69.5% of all procedures were performed in Protected Elective Surgical Units. Overall, 30-day postoperative COVID-19 transmission was 2.8% (3.4% emergency vs 1.2% elective Pâ¯<â¯.001). Protected Elective Surgical Unit postoperative transmission was significantly lower than non-Protected Elective Surgical Unit (0.42% vs 3.2% Pâ¯<â¯.001), with an adjusted likely in-hospital Protected Elective Surgical Unit transmission of 0.04%. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 1.7% and was 14.6% in COVID-19-positive patients. COVID-19 infection, ageâ¯>â¯70, male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade > 2, and emergency surgery were all independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that Protected Elective Surgical Units can facilitate high-volume elective surgical services throughout peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic while minimising viral transmission and mortality. However, mortality risk associated with perioperative COVID-19 infection remains high.
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Online exams have become increasingly popular in recent years for assessing students' content knowledge, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. Proctoring for online tests is, however, challenging due to the lack of a face-to-face connection. Furthermore, according to a prior study, online assessments are more vulnerable to various types of cheating, putting their validity at risk. Suspicious student head and mouse movements are identified and depicted in three degrees of detail, allowing course instructors and professors to proctor online tests in a rapid, fast, and trustworthy manner. Our thorough evaluations, which include usage scenarios, well-designed user research, and expert interviews, indicate that our method is effective and practical. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented healthcare challenges mandating surgical service reconfiguration. Within our hospital, emergency and elective streams were separated and self contained Protected Elective Surgical Units (PESU) were developed to mitigate against infection related morbidity. Aims of this study were to determine the risk of COVID-19 transmission and mortality and whether the development of PESUs can result in significant reduction in risk. Method: A retrospective observational study of consecutive patients from 18 specialties, undergoing elective or emergency surgery under general, spinal, or epidural anaesthetic over a 12-month study period was undertaken. Primary outcome measures were 30-day postoperative COVID-19 transmission rate and mortality. Secondary adjusted analyses were performed to ascertain hospital and PESU transmission rates. Results: Between 15th March 2020 and 14th March 2021, 9,925 patients underwent surgery, 6,464 (65.1%) elective, 5,116 (51.5%) female and median age 57 (39-70). 69.5% of all procedures were performed in PESUs. Overall, 30-day post-operative COVID-19 transmission was 2.8% (3.4% emergency vs 1.2% elective p<0.001). PESU post-operative transmission was significantly lower than non-PESU (0.42% vs 3.2% p<0.001), with an adjusted likely in-hospital PESU transmission of 0.04%. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 1.7%, and 14.6% in COVID-19 positive patients. COVID-19 infection, age >70, male gender, ASA >2 and emergency surgery were all independently associated with mortality. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the value of PESUs in minimising COVID-19 viral transmission and associated mortality with additional relevance to protected elective services going forward (possibilities of reduced cancellations due to bed shortages and transmission of other nosocomial infections).
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Introduction: In India, especially in Southern part of the country during the second wave of the pandemic there has been a sudden surge of rhino-orbital invasion by various fungi like Fusarium, Mucor, Aspergillus etc., in post Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Several risk factors have been attributed like lowering of cell-mediated immunity by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), lymphopenia and associated reduction in CD4+ (Cluster of Differentiation) and CD8+ cell population, Steroid-induced hyperglycaemia, immunosuppression, and uncontrolled diabetes. Aim: To detect rhino-orbital fungal conquering post COVID-19 cases. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary eye care centre in Hyderabad, between May 2021 to June 2021 and the study subjects were post COVID-19 patients with fungal invasion reporting to Government SD Eye Hospital and Government ENT Hospital. The patients were evaluated for associated co-morbidities, location of fungal infection, use of steroids, oxygen therapy usage and microbiologically identified the causative fungi. Descriptive analysis was done and data was presented as numbers and percentages were calculated. Results: Overall, 470 cases of post COVID-19 suspected fungal invasion cases were referred from the Ophthalmology and ENT departments, of which 287 (61.06%) cases were culture positive for various fungal elements. Fusarium spp. was predominantly seen in 165 cases (57.49%) followed by Aspergillus spp. in 71 cases (24.74%), Mucor was isolated in 42 cases (14.64%) cases and other fungi like Candida spp. were isolated in 5 cases (1.74%) and Bipolaris spp. was seen in 4 cases (1.39%). Pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was present in 233 cases (81.18%) cases, corticosteroid intake for the treatment of COVID-19 was recorded in 203 (70.73%) cases and oxygen therapy was administered in 160 (55.74%) cases. Conclusion: As per the evaluation especially in post COVID-19 patients there seems to be a nexus between diabetes, imprudent use of steroids, decreased immune status, inappropriate use of oxygen therapy and invasion of fungi, therefore cautious and prudent use of the steroids and oxygen among the COVID-19 treatment protocol is advised.
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This paper investigates the dissemination, situated fact-checking processes, and social effects of COVID-19 related online and offline misinformation in rural Bangladeshi life. A six-month-long ethnographic study in three villages found villagers perceived a lack of knowledge and experience among local medical professionals and often fell for flashy promotions of unreliable and unconfirmed cures. Villagers built on their local beliefs and myths, religious faiths, and social justice sensibilities while fact-checking suspicious information. They often reported being misled by misinformation that caters to these values, and they further spread this information through conversations with friends and family. Based on our findings, we argue that CSCW and HCI researchers should study misinformation and situated fact-checking together as a communal practice to design appropriate wellbeing technologies and social media for given communities. © 2021 ACM.
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Objective: To identify the acceptance of the vaccine based on factors influencing the vaccination program and the side effects from vaccinated people. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 1 529 Bangladeshi adults (>= 18 years) was conducted between 17 April, 2021 and 26 April, 2021. Statistical analysis of the data included Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: In total, 67.04% of the participants were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and 45.00% of them in our study had already received. Overall Bangladeshi people were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccine if the vaccine reduces risk of infectious disease and has no associated health risk after receiving it. Among the respondents, religions, education level, living area (urban), belif that vaccines protect against infectious diseases and vaccines do not have health-related risk and vaccination was significantly associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Conversely, people's perception on development of natural immunity rather than receiving vaccines was also positively reflected. More than half (57.41%) reported minor side effects such as fever, muscle pain and headache after getting vaccine shots. Conclusions: This study revealed that the acceptance rate was influenced by socio-demographic and health-related characteristics and people are not afraid of this vaccine if they faced minor side effects after receiving it. These findings might help the government and policymakers of Bangladesh to implement necessary steps to accomplish this vaccination program effectively.
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The objective of this study was to identify and assess the characteristics and content quality of the YouTube videos suggesting alternatives for either treating or preventing COVID-19 and their perception among the viewers. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted on YouTube, resulting in a total of 120 videos being selected for the study based on view count and relevance. The videos were evaluated for their content quality using the JAMA and DISCERN scoring system by two reviewers. Their mean DISCERN scores indicate the 20.8% of the videos were of very poor quality, 34.2% poor, 30.0% average, 11.7%, good and 3.3% excellent. In addition, 40.8% of the videos were classified as misleading, 37.5% as useful and 21.7% as neither/nor. Blogs/short films were the most predominantly used media type for spreading misleading information in the videos, while government agencies and health information channels shared useful videos with evidence-based information. There was a poor correlation between the viewer’s ratings and the quality assessment findings. Interventions by government agencies and professional medical organizations are necessary to improve the quality standard of the health care information disseminated through YouTube. © 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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In many developing and poor countries, people often migrate to suitable countries to earn their livelihood and support their families. Due to the ongoing pecuniary disaster that ensued because of COVID-19, many immigrants are coming back to their ancestry from different migrant-friendly countries for several reasons. In this paper, a novel approach has been proposed to segregate these countries into five vulnerability labels based on probabilistic likelihood score (LHS) and unsupervised clustering algorithms (CA). A survey dataset of returnee people including various information has been collected and leveraged as attributes in this study. Depending on the dissemination of attributes, LHS has been generated using Bayes' Theorem for each vulnerable country and three unsupervised mining algorithms (KMeans++, Agglomerative and BIRCH) have been applied to the LHS for categorization. Output labels obtained from CA are then evaluated appropriating the average LHS. Multiple performance measurement metrics (Adjusted Rand Index, Mutual Information based Score) have been consolidated to get an incisive comparison of vulnerability labels resulting from CA and expected LHS. The highest value of 0.74 has been attained as Normalized Mutual Information based Score for BIRCH clustering accompanying ample results for the remaining algorithms. The result has shown that the combined application of probabilistic LHS and unsupervised CA can be a reliable method to identify the vulnerability of different countries generally chosen by migrant people. © 2021 IEEE.
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The new Corona-virus, recently called the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) appears for the first time in China and more precisely in Wuhan (December 2019). This infection can be deadly. Seniors, and individuals with other restorative conditions may be more helpless and ended up truly sick. Typically why inquire about into drugs to treat this contamination remains basic in a few investigate laboratories. Natural home grown cures have long been the most, in case not the as it were, cure within the verbal convention for treating sicknesses. Advanced pharmaceutical has known its victory much appreciated to conventional medication, the adequacy of which determines from therapeutic plants. The objective of this think about is to decide in case the components of common root have an anti-viral impact and which can anticipate people from disease by this coronavirus utilizing the foremost dependable strategy is atomic docking, which utilized to discover the interaction between considered atoms and the protein, in our case we based on the inhibitor of Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) primary protease. Chinese Pharmaceutical herbs might be a profitable pool for distinguishing active compounds for treating disease of 2019-nCoV. In this think about, we summarize several dynamic compounds, counting baicalin, Scutellarin, Hesperetin, Nicotianamine and glycyrrhizin that may have potential anti-2019-nCoV effects. We conduct atomic docking to anticipate their capacity for authoritative ACE2, which may anticipate the 2019-nCoV disease. We propose that these chosen compounds worth assist examination for avoiding 2019-nCoV. © 2020, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.
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Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious threat to peoples’ physical and mental health because of its high death toll all over the world within a very short period. As a result, people may be psychologically stressed, which can affect their quality of life. The main purpose of this study is to quantify the level of stress among the adults (age 18 and above) including all gender, religions and races of Bangladesh during this devastating pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This online survey-based study collected demographic data and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to determine stress levels over past one month. The total numbers of respondents are 1,148 from May 29, 2020 to June 12, 2020;using the PSS to assess stress levels and to identify the potential variables having association with level of psychological stress, multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed. Findings: A scary proportion (81%) of respondents suffered from substantial amount psychological stress during this COVID-19 pandemic. It is an undeniable signal for us that, every 4 out of 5 respondents in our study is suffering from different level of psychological stress during this time. Comparing the level of stress, this study finds that elderly (60 and above), women, front-line workers (doctor and other health-care professionals) and second-line workers (public service holders, police and defense and banks or financial institutes) have high psychological stress compared to the other respondents. Originality/value: This study will help policymakers to provide relevant mental health intervention strategies to cope with this challenge efficiently. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.